89-02: A Chromate Replacement Program for Industrial Cooling Waters That Drift

89-02: A Chromate Replacement Program for Industrial Cooling Waters That DriftThe need for a chromate zinc replacement program, which is both cost effective and easy to control, has become a must to meet restrictions related to chromate usage. Chromate replacement programs that utilize and advanced polymer technology have been developed and successfully applied in industrial cooling water systems. This paper describes results of field trials where chromate replacement is a reality and the side by side evaluation of chromate

quantities

Over the past 50 years or so

The new program has a wide application range for calcium (15 to 1000 ppm as CaCO3) and pH (7

This may result in the failure of heat exchangers and consequently loss of production and costly replacement

Slug dosing calcium hypochlorite was used for many years for microbiological control on the cooling towers

Many Cooling towers and once through cooling systems' operators are facing tighter regulations on metals concentrations in cooling water discharge

EDF operates 30 condenser open cooling circuits in its French nuclear power plants (NPP)

and covered many tower decks and increased chlorine and biocide usage in response

or sodium hydroxide

are commonly used for precipitating trivalent chromium

This is particularly true in areas like the Western and Southwestern states and Mexico where the feed raw water has high silica

This paper evaluates the energy savings potential of Evaporative Recovery (ER) using cooling tower and coil arrangement as fresh air pre-cooling in hot and humid climatic conditions